Mineral oil viscosity vs silicone oil11/4/2023 Mineral oil is commonly disposed away in the environment during oil changes, resulting in pollution and having an impact on global eco-systems. Crude mineral oil is extensively used in the automotive, railroad, and aviation industries as a lubricant (Sadriwala et al., 2020). Due to its favourable properties as a lubricant for different applications, its consumption is enormous. Mineral oil is one of the petroleum products used as a lubricant for various applications from the past several years and an ingredient for cosmetic and personal care items. They act as carriers of additives for boundary or solid-film lubrication and are applied as hydrodynamic lubricants (Singh et al., 2017). Refining hydrocarbons produce them in crude oil by distillation process. Mineral oils are made from highly refined, purified, and processed petroleum. 1.1 Types of conventional lubricants 1.1.1 Mineral oilĬonventional lubricants are classified into 2 types: mineral oil based and synthetic. High boiling point and low freezing point (to stay liquid over a wide temperature range), high viscosity index (VI), strong thermal stability, hydraulic stability, corrosion prevention, and high resistance to oxidation are all properties of an excellent lubricant (Singh et al., 2017). Lubricant acts as an agent to reduce the temperature at the contact zones of metals. It also acts as a sealing agent against smut, dusty powder, water, and dirt. It acts as a medium to defend two mating surfaces from getting corroded and lessen oxidation. It serves as an insulator in transformer applications. A lubricant aids in the reduction of wear and the avoidance of heat loss from moving contact surfaces. Lubricants are commonly utilized in industries, machinery, and engine oil applications (Ahmed et al., 2016). Additionally, the replacement of mechanical parts, transmission systems, and their processes results in large economic losses (Holmberg & Erdemir, 2007). Friction reduction requires a substantial amount of energy in the industries that provide power, industry, and transportation. Lubricating oil’s quality and its kind are essential factors in minimizing the friction. Friction between sliding and moving parts wastes one-third of the world's total energy. One of the main causes of energy loss is friction. It can also lower the temperature in the metal-to-metal proximity area. Usually, it is caused by numerous types of sliding, moving, and rotating components (Tung & McMillan, 2004). For friction and wear to be reduced, lubrication is necessary. Reduced friction is the characteristic of lubricity (Trotsek, 2017). It could also transmit forces, move foreign particles, and heat or cool surfaces. Lubricants are the substances used to reduce the friction between surfaces in contact, and as a result, it reduces the amount of heat generated by these surfaces. The drawbacks and also future scope of the bio-lubricants have been highlighted. The characterization of bio-lubricants has been elaborately discussed, highlighting the major pros and cons. The article explores the required chemical modification approaches for improving the properties of bio-lubricants. Chemical changes are required since vegetable oil-based lubricants have lower thermal and oxidative stability. This paper discusses the preparation, characteristics, characterization advantages, and uses of vegetable oil-based non-edible lubricants. The focus of current research is on creating and using an ecologically friendly lubricant made from renewable resources. As a result, protecting a pollution-free environment is a major responsibility. In today's world, the price of crude oil is rising in tandem with the depletion of reservoirs (oil). They allow for flat-level operations by retaining superior machine functionality and reducing the likelihood of recurring breakdowns. Lubricants serve as anti-friction agents. It aids in the transmission of pressure created between opposing surfaces. Lubrication is a procedure that involves the use of a chemical called lubricant to reduce wear on surfaces that are in relative motion with each other.
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